Original American

Original American Native American are an important part of the culture of the United States.

Swimmer (1835-March, 1899), Cherokee traditionalist and storyteller, was born in the Cherokee country of southwestern No...
05/28/2025

Swimmer (1835-March, 1899), Cherokee traditionalist and storyteller, was born in the Cherokee country of southwestern North Carolina. His Cherokee name, Ayunini, meaning "swimmer", was trained by the masters of his tribe to be a medicine man, a doctor, and the keeper of tradition, he never learned to speak English but instead maintained his Native culture and heritage throughout his life. In fact, as it was intended he should be, he became the conservator of the history and traditions of his people. As a youth he learned the Cherokee Syllabary from the elders of his tribe and began early to keep a notebook in which he recorded the sacred rites as well as the facts and stories of his people. He also made note of their ways of doing things and identified plants, roots, and barks whose use had proven useful or effective in one way or another. During the Civil War Swimmer enlisted on 9 Apr. 1862 and served as second sergeant of the Cherokee Company A, Sixty-ninth North Carolina Confederate Regiment in Colonel William Thomas's legion.
Cherokee Medicine Man, Ayunini (Swimmer)
Didanvwisgi (He Heals Them) 1888

Daughter of Big Horse, Northern Cheyenne1885
05/28/2025

Daughter of Big Horse, Northern Cheyenne1885

Chief Quanah Parker and two of his six wives,1898 Chickasha, OklahomaPhoto by J.E. Irwin                                ...
05/27/2025

Chief Quanah Parker and two of his six wives,1898 Chickasha, OklahomaPhoto by J.E. Irwin

Counting coup was the winning of prestige against an enemy by the Plains Tribes of North America. Warriors won prestige ...
05/27/2025

Counting coup was the winning of prestige against an enemy by the Plains Tribes of North America. Warriors won prestige by acts of bravery in the face of the enemy, which could be recorded in various ways and retold as stories. Any blow struck against the enemy counted as a coup, including killing, but the most prestigious acts included touching an enemy warrior with the hand, bow or coup stick and escaping unharmed. Touching the first enemy to die in battle or touching the enemy's defensive works also counted as coup, as did, in some nations, simply riding up to an enemy, touching him with a short stick and riding away unscathed. Counting coup could also involve stealing an enemy's weapons or horses tied up to his lodge in camp. Risk of injury or death was required to count coup.
Escaping unharmed while counting coup was considered a higher honor than being wounded in the attempt. A warrior who won coup was permitted to wear an eagle feather. If he had been wounded in the attempt, however, he was required to paint the feather red to indicate this.

After a battle or exploit, the people of a band would gather together to recount their acts of bravery and "count coup". Coups were recorded by putting notches in a coup stick. Some of the Pacific Northwest tribes would tie an eagle feather to their coup stick for each coup counted but many nations did not do so. Among the Blackfoot nation of the upper Missouri River Valley, coup could be recorded by the placement of "coup bars" on the sleeves and shoulders of special shirts that bore paintings of the warrior's exploits in battle. Many shirts of this sort have survived to the present.

Joe Medicine Crow (1913–2016) is credited with achieving the feat while serving with the US Army during World War II, as on one occasion he overpowered and disarmed a German soldier, and later stole horses from an SS unit.

Joe Medicine Crow

Inuit woman nursing her twinsAlaskaearly 1900s
05/26/2025

Inuit woman nursing her twinsAlaska
early 1900s

“Before I was six years old, my grandparents and my mother had taught me that if all the green things that grow were tak...
05/26/2025

“Before I was six years old, my grandparents and my mother had taught me that if all the green things that grow were taken from the earth, there could be no life. If all the four-legged creatures were taken from the earth, there could be no life. If all the winged creatures were taken from the earth, there could be no life. If all our relatives who crawl and swim and live within the earth were taken away, there could be no life. But if all the human beings were taken away, life on earth would flourish. That is how insignificant we are.”
Russell Means, Oglala Lakota Nation (November 10, 1939 – October 22, 2012).

Coming Running & child, wife of Little OwlSiksika, 1909Photo by McClintock                                              ...
05/25/2025

Coming Running & child, wife of Little OwlSiksika, 1909
Photo by McClintock

Osage women and children at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis, Missouri1904Back row (L-R) Mrs. Rose (Pryor)...
05/25/2025

Osage women and children at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis, Missouri1904

Back row (L-R) Mrs. Rose (Pryor) Red Eagle,
Mosechehe (aka Mrs. Julia Lookout) holding Agnes Lookout,
Gratometsahe (aka Mrs. Claremore),
and Mesahe (aka Nellie Mitchell)

Front row (L-R) Nora Mary Lookout,
Ida Michelle Iron,
unidentified girl,
Mary Nora Lookout,
Emma Strike Axe, and Wahtsausah (aka Mrs. Petsamoie)

Blackfeet camp in Montana in the early 1900sPhoto by N.A. ForsythMontana Historical Society.                            ...
05/24/2025

Blackfeet camp in Montana in the early 1900s
Photo by N.A. Forsyth
Montana Historical Society.

Notenoquah (aka Wind Woman), Sac & Fox, wife of the Irish-American trapper, Hiram Thorp and the mother of Jim Thorpe, ta...
05/24/2025

Notenoquah (aka Wind Woman), Sac & Fox, wife of the Irish-American trapper, Hiram Thorp and the mother of Jim Thorpe, taken sometime before her death in 1901..

Dahteste was a famous Apache woman warrior, and it was widely known that she could out-ride, out-shoot, out-hunt, out-ru...
05/23/2025

Dahteste was a famous Apache woman warrior, and it was widely known that she could out-ride, out-shoot, out-hunt, out-run, and out-fight her peers, both male and female. She took part in battles and raiding parties alongside her husband and best friend Lozen, another Apache woman warrior. She and Lozen were good friends with Geronimo, and he chose her to be his official translator in his talks with the US Cavalry. After negotiating treaties with the US government, she was imprisoned in Alabama and Florida, and later, Fort Sill, surviving both tuberculosis and pneumonia. 19 years later, she was released and lived out the rest of her life on the Mescalero Apache reservation..

White Buffalo, Cheyenne was born in 1862 &died in June 1929.He was described in newspaper articles in 1902 as being of s...
05/23/2025

White Buffalo, Cheyenne was born in 1862 &died in June 1929.

He was described in newspaper articles in 1902 as being of striking appearance, as his hair had turned completely white when he was very young. His photo from his Carlisle days, dressed in a suit with a short haircut in the white man's style, shows that to be true. In 1888, when he was 26, he married a full-blood Northern Cheyenne widow. Medicine Woman, who was 30 at the time. She had also been born in Montana as had her parents. On the 1905 Indian Census for their reservation, they had four children listed: Emma White Buffalo, son Receiving Roots, Paul White Buffalo and Pratt White Buffalo - named for the Carlisle School founder. On the 1910 U. S. Federal Census, they are listed with only three of seven surviving children: John White Buffalo, James White Buffalo and Fred White Buffalo. According to the 1910 census, the mother of Medicine Woman also lived with them as well, 76 at the time, widowed and named Siege Woman. Medicine Woman is listed on this census as illiterate, as is her mother. His son, John White Buffalo enlisted for service in World War I. As full blood Cheyenne, both White Buffalo and Medicine Woman received land allotments on the reservation in 1891 in Lincoln Township in present-day Blaine County, Oklahoma. These are listed on several of the Indian Census lists as allotments number 966 and 967. White Buffalo lived to be 67 years old, and passed away on June 23, 1929, per the 1930 Indian census for the reservation. According to his obituary in the Watonga Republican newspaper dated June 27, 1929, he is buried at the Indian Mission Church on the reservation and was survived by his wife and sons.

White Buffalo, Cheyenne
Photo by Frank A. Rinehart, 1898.

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