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Holy Roman Empire of the German NationThis situation continued until 1806, when, under the pressure of Napoleon I, the e...
16/03/2022

Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation
This situation continued until 1806, when, under the pressure of Napoleon I, the existence of the Holy Roman Empire was terminated and its emperor began to bear only the title of Emperor of Austria. The number of German states was significantly reduced, the Confederation of the Rhine was created, which was also a confederation consisting of independent states. The Union of the Rhine was headed by the Federal President, who was the Emperor of the French, a body representing individual lands - the Bundestag (German: Bundestag).

Traditionally, the founding date of the German state is considered to be February 2, 962: on this day, the East Frankish...
16/03/2022

Traditionally, the founding date of the German state is considered to be February 2, 962: on this day, the East Frankish king Otto I was crowned in Rome and became emperor of the Holy Roman Empire; this empire was a confederation of lands (German: Land), each of which had its own army and minted its own coin. At the head of the Holy Roman Empire was the emperor, elected by the council of electors, there was a body that represented the land - the Reichstag (German: Reichstag). Each of the lands was a class monarchy with a Landtag (German: Landtag).

Settlement map of ancient Germanic tribesAfter the collapse of the Roman Empire in Western Europe, the Frankish state wa...
16/03/2022

Settlement map of ancient Germanic tribes
After the collapse of the Roman Empire in Western Europe, the Frankish state was formed, which three centuries later, under Charlemagne, turned into an empire (800). Charles's empire covered the territories of a number of modern states, in particular Germany. However, the empire of Charlemagne did not last long - the grandchildren of this emperor divided it among themselves, as a result of which three kingdoms were formed - West Frankish (later France), East Frankish (later Germany) and the Middle Kingdom (soon split into Italy, Provence and Lorraine)

The first mention of the ancient Germans appeared in the writings of the ancient Greeks and Romans. One of the first men...
16/03/2022

The first mention of the ancient Germans appeared in the writings of the ancient Greeks and Romans. One of the first mentions of the Germans refers to the year 98. It was made by the Roman chronicler Tacitus (lat. Tacitus). The entire territory of modern Germany east of the Elbe (Slavic Laba) until the 10th century was inhabited by Slavic tribes[22]. (see more details: Polabian Slavs). By the XII-XIV centuries, these lands gradually became part of various German state formations that made up the so-called Holy Roman Empire. As these territories were part of the German states over several centuries, the local Slavs were gradually almost completely assimilated by the Germans. This process stretched until the late Middle Ages and the beginning of the new time, and in some places, with the last, not yet fully assimilated Slavic people of Germany - the Lusatians, continues to this day.

Germany is located in a temperate climate zone, in the north the climate is maritime, to the south it becomes temperate ...
16/03/2022

Germany is located in a temperate climate zone, in the north the climate is maritime, to the south it becomes temperate continental. This is due to the fact that the weather is often changeable. In the middle of summer it can be warm and sunny, but the very next day it can get cold and rainy. Truly extreme natural events (severe droughts, tornadoes, storms, severe frost or heat waves) are relatively rare.
Average temperatures in July are from +14 in the mountains to +22 °C in the valleys. Average January temperatures range from +4 in the valleys to -5 °C in the mountains. The average annual temperature is +5-+10 °C. The lowest temperature in Germany was -46 ° C, this figure was recorded in the 20th century in the south of the country, in its mountainous part at an altitude of 1601 m above sea level in an area with coordinates of about 47 ° C. sh. and 12º in. by Lake Funtensee.

The northern part of Germany is a low-lying plain formed during the ice age (North German Plain, lowest point - Neuendor...
13/03/2022

The northern part of Germany is a low-lying plain formed during the ice age (North German Plain, lowest point - Neuendorf-Saxenbande in Wilstermarsh [de], 3.54 m below sea level). The surface of the North German Plain has preserved traces of ancient glaciation - chains of low moraine ridges and hills. The western part of the lowland is occupied by swampy lowlands - marches, the formation of which is caused by the lowering of the platform. In the central part of the country, forested foothills adjoin the lowlands from the south, and the Alps begin to the south. The highest point in Germany is the Zugspitze at 2962 m.

The ethnonym "German" comes from "dumb". So in Russia they called foreigners who did not know or knew the language poorl...
13/03/2022

The ethnonym "German" comes from "dumb". So in Russia they called foreigners who did not know or knew the language poorly, and therefore were mostly silent.
In the USSR, the name "Federal Republic of Germany" was used in Russian. This form, for example, is used in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. After the accession of the German Democratic Republic to the Federal Republic of Germany in 1990, it was decided, by mutual agreement between the governments of Germany and Russia, not to decline the word "Germany" in the official name of the state[19][20]. That's right: the "Federal Republic of Germany"[21] (and not the "Federal Republic of Germany"). The abbreviation "FRG" was actively used in the USSR and in the GDR and is used today in Russian. In Germany itself, this abbreviation (BRD) is not accepted in the official language and only the full form of the name or the phrase “federal republic” (German: Bundesrepublik) is used, when it is clear that this country is meant.

The Russian name "Germany" comes from the Latin "Germania", which goes back to the writings of ancient authors of the 1s...
13/03/2022

The Russian name "Germany" comes from the Latin "Germania", which goes back to the writings of ancient authors of the 1st century AD and is formed from the ethnonym "Germans" (lat. Germanus). The name was first used by Julius Caesar in his "Notes on the Gallic War" regarding the tribes living beyond the Rhine. The word itself probably has non-Latin roots and comes from the Celtic “gair” (“neighbor”)[17].
In German, the state is called "Deutschland" (from the Pragerm. Þeudiskaz). "Deutsch" (from the Proto-German Þeodisk) originally meant "related to the people" and meant primarily the language[18]. "Land" means "land, country". The modern form of writing the name of the country has been used since the 15th century.

As a world leader in a number of industrial and technological sectors, it is the world's third largest exporter and impo...
13/03/2022

As a world leader in a number of industrial and technological sectors, it is the world's third largest exporter and importer of goods. Germany is a developed country with a very high standard of living (6th place in the world ranking). It supports social security and universal health care, environmental protection and free higher education[15].
Germany is one of the founding countries and a member of the European Union, a member of NATO, and a member of the G7. As of 2020, 54% of the population professes Christianity, 4.3% of the population professes Islam, 40.7% of the population is irreligious

According to the state structure, it is a federal state consisting of 16 subjects - federal states (Bavaria, Baden-Württ...
13/03/2022

According to the state structure, it is a federal state consisting of 16 subjects - federal states (Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Lower Saxony, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saar, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, North Rhine - Westphalia, Thuringia, Schleswig-Holstein). The form of government is a parliamentary republic. Since December 8, 2021, the post of Federal Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany has been occupied by Olaf Scholz (SPD)[12], since March 19, 2017, the position of Federal President of the Federal Republic of Germany has been occupied by Frank-Walter Steinmeier (SPD), who performs representative functions in the country.
The capital is Berlin[13]. The official language is German.
Germany is a country with a dynamically developing economy. The GDP for 2017 was $3.685 trillion (about $44,550 per capita). Monetary unit - euro

Germany (German: Deutschland [ˈdɔʏt͡ʃlant]), the official name is the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepubli...
13/03/2022

Germany (German: Deutschland [ˈdɔʏt͡ʃlant]), the official name is the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland), Germany (German: BRD) is a state in Central Europe. The area of ​​the territory is 357,408.74 km²[10]. The population as of September 30, 2019 is 83,149,300 inhabitants[11]. It ranks 19th in the world in terms of population (2nd in Europe) and 62nd in the world in terms of territory (8th in Europe).
Located in the center of Europe, Germany is washed by the waters of the Baltic and North Seas. It borders with Denmark in the north, Poland and the Czech Republic in the east, Austria and Switzerland in the south, France, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands in the west.

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